What involves identifying and assessing threats to an organization's information systems?

The correct choice focuses on a strategic approach to recognizing potential threats that could impact an organization’s information systems. Cyber threat modeling is a systematic process that enables organizations to identify, assess, and prioritize the risks associated with various threats. This process involves analyzing various threat actors, their motivations, and the potential attack vectors they may exploit.

By creating models that represent the interactions between threats and the information systems, organizations can better understand vulnerabilities and the potential consequences of attacks. This proactive identification and assessment of threats ensures that security measures are appropriately aligned with the real risks faced by the organization, allowing for more effective protection of sensitive data and assets.

In contrast, security auditing refers to reviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of security policies and practices already in place, rather than focusing specifically on identifying new threats. Incident response planning is concerned with the processes and procedures for responding to security incidents once they occur, rather than preemptively identifying threats. Vulnerability scanning is aimed at detecting known vulnerabilities in systems and applications, but does not encompass the threat modeling approach, which includes a broader understanding of potential threats and adversary tactics.