What type of malware encrypts data and demands payment for access?

Ransomware is a specific type of malware designed to encrypt files on a victim's system, rendering them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attackers. Typically, once the malware is installed, it will analyze files on the system, identify those that are valuable (like documents, photos, and databases), and then encrypt them with a strong encryption algorithm. The attackers then present a ransom note demanding payment, often in cryptocurrencies, to provide the decryption key needed to regain access to the files.

This payment model exploits the urgency and necessity of recovering important data, making it particularly effective for cybercriminals. Victims may feel compelled to pay the ransom in hopes of restoring their data, although there's no guarantee that payment will lead to the safe recovery of the encrypted files.

Other types of malware serve different functions. For instance, spyware is designed to secretly observe a user's actions and gather sensitive information such as personal data or credentials without their knowledge. Adware generates unwanted advertisements, often displayed in a web browser, while Trojans disguise themselves as legitimate software but can create backdoors for other malicious activities. Therefore, ransomware is distinct in its method of operation and its focus on extorting money through data encryption.