Which statement accurately describes how spyware functions?

Spyware is a type of malicious software designed specifically to gather information from a user's computer, typically without their knowledge or consent. It functions by monitoring various online interactions, such as the websites visited, the data entered into forms, and even capturing keystrokes to access sensitive information like passwords. This ability to quietly observe and record user activity makes it a significant threat to privacy and security.

The other options do not accurately reflect how spyware operates. For instance, spyware does not limit its activity to offline scenarios; it primarily functions in conjunction with online activities. Additionally, while spyware can sometimes be bundled with software that may seem trusted, it does not easily install from truly trusted sources, as the nature of spyware is to deceive users. Lastly, spyware does not serve to prevent unauthorized access; instead, it opens up vulnerabilities by compromising user data, which can then be exploited by cybercriminals. Therefore, the correct characterization of spyware is that it captures user data by monitoring online interactions.